Central Chile is accustomed to long spells of dry weather. But the past decade has brought an extreme drought. The region, which is where most Chileans live, has received 30 percent less rainfall than normal over the past decade, a situation that scientists are referring to as a megadrought. With rainfall deficits of 80 to 90 percent, 2019 was particularly dry. The map shows the amount of red and near-infrared light reflected by the vegetation. Healthy vegetation reflects more near-infrared light and less visible light. September 5–November 5, 2019.